9/10/2023 0 Comments Typical physiologic dead space![]() HFrEF patients present with significant pulmonary abnormalities. ![]() In this regard, it is possible that the constrained V T reduces alveolar volume in HFrEF requiring the augmented f B to maintain alveolar ventilation, but consequently increases dead space ventilation. A critical limitation of these previous studies is that V E was not similar during exercise and, therefore, the possible HFrEF-induced impact on V T, alveolar volume, dead space volume, alveolar ventilation, and dead space ventilation is unclear. lower tidal volume (V T) and augmented breathing frequency ( f B)) of HFrEF was majorly responsible for the elevated V D/V T ( Woods et al., 2010) likely resulting from the restrictive lung abnormalities in HFrEF ( Agostoni et al., 2002). suggested that the characteristic altered breathing strategy (i.e. However, HFrEF also had elevated V E than healthy adults during submaximal exercise, which may have contributed to the elevated dead space volume. found that dead space volume was greater at a given submaximal workload in HFrEF compared to healthy adults and surmised that impaired central hemodynamics were responsible for the elevated V D/V T ( Sullivan et al., 1988). fraction of tidal volume consumed by dead space V D/V T), which is influenced by ventilation-perfusion mismatch and breathing strategy. One of the primary contributors to the elevated V E/VCO 2 slope in HFrEF patients is increased physiological dead space (i.e. ![]() Specifically, HFrEF patients have a greater ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (V E/VCO 2) slope than healthy individuals ( Sullivan et al., 1988 Wasserman et al., 1997 Wensel et al., 2004 Woods et al., 2010), which is predictive of mortality and morbidity ( Arena et al., 2004 Arena et al., 2007). ![]() Heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) exhibit impaired ventilatory efficiency during exercise. ![]()
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